We investigate whether monetary policy influences the retail interest rates in the Euro Area when the policy rate reaches the effective lower bound. We estimate a panel-Error Correction Model that accounts for potential heterogeneities in the transmission of monetary policy. The analysis disentangles alternative non-standard measures implemented by the ECB. We find that unconventional measures have influenced banking interest rates beyond the pass-through of the current and expected policy rate. These effects are driven by liquidity provisions in core countries and by covered bond purchase programmes in peripheral ones.
